Active learning

Active learning engages students in the process of learning through activities and/or discussion in class, as opposed to passively listening. to an expert. It emphasizes higher-order thinking and often involves group work. Bonwell CC, Eison JA (1991) Active Learning: Creating Excitement in the Classroom (George Washington Univ, Washington, DC).
Active learning is an umbrella term that refers to several models of instruction that focus the responsibility of learning on learners. Wikipedia.
Traditional lecturing “. . .continuous exposition by the teacher.” Under this definition, student activity was assumed to be limited to taking notes and/or asking occasional and unprompted questions of the instructor". Bligh DA (2000) What’s the Use of Lectures? (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco).
Freeman et al. Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics PNAS 2014; May 12, 2014, doi:10.1073/pnas.1319030111.
"students in classes with traditional lecturing were 1.5 times more likely to fail than were students in classes with active learning. 
Scott Freeman, Sarah L. Eddy, Miles McDonough, Michelle K. Smith, Nnadozie Okoroafor, Hannah Jordt, and Mary Pat Wenderoth Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. PNAS 2014 : 1319030111v1-201319030.

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